Cervical dysplasia, also known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), refers to the abnormal growth of cells on the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It is often detected through a Pap smear (Pap test) or other cervical screening methods. Cervical dysplasia is not cancer, but it is considered a precursor to cervical cancer. 

Cervical dysplasia is classified into different grades based on the extent of cell changes:

1. CIN 1 (mild dysplasia): Mild changes in the cells' appearance, often considered low-grade dysplasia. Many cases of CIN 1 may resolve on their own without medical intervention.

2. CIN 2 (moderate dysplasia): Moderate changes in cell appearance. CIN 2 lesions are more concerning and may require further evaluation and treatment.

3. CIN 3 (severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ): Severe changes in cell appearance. CIN 3 indicates a high-grade lesion where the abnormal cells are not yet invasive cancer but have the potential to become cancerous if left untreated.

Cervical dysplasia is often caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. HPV infections can lead to changes in the cervical cells' DNA, causing them to become abnormal and potentially progress to cervical cancer over time if not addressed.

Treatment for cervical dysplasia varies based on the severity of the condition. Mild cases (CIN 1) may not require immediate treatment but rather close monitoring to see if the condition resolves on its own. More advanced cases (CIN 2 and CIN 3) might be treated with procedures such as:

1. **Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)**: This involves removing the abnormal tissue using a thin wire loop heated by an electrical current.

2. **Cryotherapy**: Freezing abnormal cells using cold temperatures to destroy them.

3. **Laser Therapy**: Using a laser to remove or destroy the abnormal cells.

4. **Cone Biopsy**: Surgical removal of a cone-shaped section of tissue from the cervix for further examination.

Regular Pap smears and HPV testing are essential for early detection of cervical dysplasia. If left untreated, high-grade dysplasia can progress to cervical cancer, which is why early intervention is crucial. Vaccination against HPV can also help prevent cervical dysplasia and its potential progression to cancer.