Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas or myomas, are non-cancerous growths that develop in the muscular wall of the uterus (womb). These growths are composed of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size, ranging from small, undetectable nodules to larger masses that can distort the shape of the uterus.

Uterine fibroids are relatively common among women of reproductive age. While the exact cause of fibroid development is not fully understood, hormonal factors, particularly estrogen and progesterone, play a role in their growth. Genetic factors and family history also seem to influence their formation.

Key characteristics and features of uterine fibroids include:

1. **Size and Location**: Uterine fibroids can vary in size, from tiny to several inches in diameter. They can develop anywhere within the uterine wall:
   - Intramural fibroids: Grow within the muscular wall of the uterus.
   - Submucosal fibroids: Project into the uterine cavity.
   - Subserosal fibroids: Extend outside the uterus, often connected by a stalk.

2. **Symptoms**: Many women with fibroids may not experience any symptoms. However, depending on their size and location, fibroids can cause various symptoms, including:
   - Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia).
   - Pelvic pain or pressure.
   - Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder.
   - Constipation or rectal pressure.
   - Abdominal bloating or enlargement.
   - Pain during intercourse.

3. **Impact on Fertility and Pregnancy**: Depending on their location and size, fibroids can interfere with fertility or increase the risk of pregnancy complications. Submucosal fibroids, which protrude into the uterine cavity, can impact implantation and cause miscarriages. Large fibroids may also cause difficulty in getting pregnant.

Diagnosis of uterine fibroids is typically made through a combination of clinical evaluation, pelvic examination, and imaging tests such as ultrasounds, MRI, or hysteroscopy (inserting a thin tube with a camera into the uterus).

Treatment for uterine fibroids depends on the individual's symptoms, age, desire for future pregnancy, and the size and location of the fibroids. Treatment options include:

- **Watchful Waiting**: If fibroids are small and asymptomatic, no treatment may be necessary, and the condition can be monitored.

- **Medications**: Hormonal medications can help control heavy bleeding and reduce pain. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists can temporarily shrink fibroids by lowering estrogen levels.

- **Minimally Invasive Procedures**: Procedures like uterine artery embolization (UAE), myomectomy (surgical removal of fibroids), and laparoscopic procedures can be used to manage fibroids while preserving fertility.

- **Hysterectomy**: Surgical removal of the uterus is considered in cases where fibroids cause severe symptoms, aren't responsive to other treatments, or fertility is not a concern.

The choice of treatment depends on the patient's specific circumstances and preferences. It's important for individuals with uterine fibroids to consult a healthcare provider to discuss symptoms, treatment options, and potential risks and benefits.